Morphine Underused for End-of-Life Dyspnea in the Emergency Department Compared with Inpatient Care

METHODOLOGY

  • A retrospective cohort study included 250 adults who presented to an ED in Israel with dyspnea between 2023 and 2024 and died during the same hospitalization (mean age, 83.2 years; 51.2% women; 91.5% Jewish individuals). Common underlying conditions included congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and metastatic cancer.
  • Researchers assessed the proportion of patients receiving morphine in the ED and during the hospital stay.
  • Investigators evaluated the time to morphine administration, the respiratory support provided, and how long patients lived after arriving at the ED.
  • Predictors of ED morphine administration were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

  • Morphine was administered to 15.2% of patients in the ED but to 68% during inpatient care; among those treated in the ED, the average time to morphine administration was 5.8 hours.
  • Three factors independently predicted the use of morphine in the ED: lung cancer (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; P = .022), a do-not-resuscitate/do-not-intubate order (OR, 3.17; P = .010), and higher pulse rate at arrival (OR, 1.022 per beat increase; P = .008).
  • Morphine administration in the ED was not associated with time to death. Patients who received morphine during inpatient care had a longer observed mean survival than those who did not (282.2 vs 152.4 hours; P < .001); however, this comparison was subject to immortal time bias.

 

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/morphine-underused-end-life-dyspnea-emergency-department-2026a100129l